BIPV Frequently Asked Questions
These are the questions we hear most about building-integrated solar roofing, with short answers. Where an answer depends on the product, the roof or where you live, we say so instead of guessing. If your question isn't here, ask us and we'll add it.
The basics
What does BIPV mean?
Building-integrated photovoltaics. Solar that is part of the building, usually the roof covering, instead of being mounted on top of it.
Is a solar roof the same as solar panels?
No. Solar panels are mounted above a finished roof. A solar roof is the roof covering, with solar built into some of its panels.
What's the difference between an active and a passive panel?
An active panel has solar cells and generates electricity. A passive panel looks the same in shape but has no cells. It covers the parts of the roof where solar isn't practical.
What is a standing-seam roof?
A metal roof made of long panels joined at raised vertical seams.
Is it right for my roof?
Can it be installed on my existing roof?
It goes on as a new roof covering. That makes it a fit for new builds and full roof replacements. If you're keeping your current roof, rack-mounted panels are usually the better route.
Does my roof have to face south?
Not strictly. Orientation and shade affect how much a panel produces, so a layout for your roof will show which faces are worth making active.
My roof has a lot of dormers and skylights. Is that a problem?
It reduces the area that can be active and adds detailing. It doesn't rule a solar roof out, but it's a reason to get a layout done early.
Will it stand up to snow, wind and hail where I live?
That's a product question, and the answer should come with documents. Ask for the test reports and approvals that apply to the specific system and to your location.
Cost and paperwork
How much does a solar roof cost?
It depends on the size and shape of the roof, how much of it is active, the electrical work and local requirements. A written proposal for your roof is the only number worth having.
How should I compare it with regular solar?
Compare it with a new roof plus a solar system, since that's what it replaces. Comparing it with panels alone leaves out the roof.
Are there tax credits or rebates?
Programs vary by country, state or province and utility, and they change. Check the current rules with the program itself or with a tax professional. We don't give tax advice.
What permits are needed?
Usually a building permit and an electrical permit, plus utility approval if the system connects to the grid. The details are local.
Getting it built
Who installs a solar roof?
A roofer and an electrician, either in one company or working together.
How long does installation take?
It depends on the roof, the weather and local permitting. Ask for a schedule with your proposal.
When should I bring it up with my architect or builder?
As early as you can, ideally before the roof is designed. It's much easier to plan in than to add on.
Living with it
What maintenance does it need?
Follow the maintenance guidance that comes with the system. Ask for it before you buy, so you know what's involved.
What warranty comes with it?
Warranties are specific to the product and the installer. Ask for the roof and electrical warranty terms in writing and read what each covers.
Who do I call if something goes wrong?
Your installer should give you contacts for roof issues and for electrical issues at handover. If they haven't, ask.
Can I add a battery later?
Often that's possible, but it depends on the system's power electronics. Ask at the design stage so the option stays open.
Key terms
- BIPV (building-integrated photovoltaics)
- Solar that replaces a normal building material and does that material's job too. On a roof, that means it keeps the weather out and makes electricity.
- Roof-integrated photovoltaics
- BIPV on the roof. The solar is part of the roof covering, not something attached above it.
- Solar roof
- What most people call a roof with integrated solar. Some panels generate power and some don't, and they're made to look like one roof.
- Standing-seam roof
- A metal roof built from long panels joined at raised vertical seams. The joints sit up out of the way of running water.
- Active panel
- A roof panel with solar cells in it.
- Passive panel
- A matching roof panel with no cells. It goes where solar isn't worth it or won't fit: edges, shaded spots, around vents and chimneys.
- Rack-mounted solar
- The familiar kind. Solar modules fixed to mounting hardware above a finished roof.
Technical documents
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